I am buying a digital camera.
This is not a big deal for most people. Itâs the default these days. You buy a camera, itâs digital.
The last serious digital camera I bought was a Canon Digital Rebel. It was 2004. I bought it because I thought that if I shot more, I could get better at photography, and I could shoot more with a digital camera than I could afford to with a film camera. The camera cost me about $1000 if I recall correctly. What I found with the camera was that I was shooting a lot more, but my photographs were getting worse. I would spray and pray, which is to say, take a lot of nearly identical images and hope one of them worked. Very few of them did. This was highlighted on a trip we took to Florida to visit my parents. We spent a day at the Kennedy Space Center. I brought my Digital Rebel, and also brought this cheap plastic camera I had found in a thrift shop in Levittown, Pennsylvania, for a dollar, a (1960s vintage original) Diana. This was before Lomography came out with their version of the camera. The battery in the Digital Rebel died after three pictures, so I was limited to just using the Diana for our visit to this iconic location. Weeks later, when I got the film developed, I was awestruck by the photos. The heyday of the space program was the 1960s, and the photos I took looked like they could have come straight from that era. I was more impressed by the photos I took with my one dollar camera than with anything that had come out of my thousand dollar camera. From that point on, I shifted back to film.
I shot for the first few years on toy cameras like the Diana. I had a Holga, a Fujipet, an Agfa Clack, a Superheadz Blackbird Fly fake TLR, and some of the goofy cameras coming out from Lomography. I also got a Lomo LC-A. Lomographyâs slogan âdonât think, just shootâ worked for a little while, until it didnât. I found myself slowing down and taking photographs more intentionally. I started to get into Soviet cameras like the Kiev 88cm and Kiev rangefinders. I got back into Polaroid, starting with my dadâs old 250 that shot peel-apart film, and getting a succession of SX-70s. The Kiev rangefinders led to me getting a couple of Contax rangefinders, one pre-war that formed the basis of the Kiev camera, and one post-war, which was the West German attempt to recreate the cameras that had been spirited away by the Soviets to Kiev. The Kiev 88 got me into more medium format cameras; we bought a Rolleiflex after seeing a documentary about Vivian Maier, and a friend gave me a Pentax 67 he wasnât using. When New55 had their first Kickstarter, my love of Polaroid, which dated to my childhood, led me to getting into large format, first 4x5 with a Calumet CC-401, then a succession of other cameras, including a Pacemaker Speed Graphic, several Graflex SLRs including two RB Super Ds, an Intrepid 4x5, a Wanderlust Travelwide, a 5x7 Century No. 5 studio camera, and even an Intrepid 8x10 when I found a Polaroid 8x10 processor for a very good price and needed a camera to shoot that film with. I slowed way down, shot a lot less, and found my photography slowly improving.
20 years on, I found myself wondering if these changes in how I shoot would make me work differently with a digital camera. Iâve had my eye on the Fujifilm GFX 100s for the past year. All the reviews I read about it mentioned that it didnât work for people who had a need for speed, but if you were slower and more intentional, it was a great choice. Still, $6000 for a camera? Thatâs way more than Iâve spent on any camera ever. Probably the most expensive cameras Iâve bought were the Graflex RB Super Ds, which I got for a steal at $500 each (one in working condition typically goes for about $1800). My Contax rangefinders, which were comparable to Leicas back in the day, went for about $225 each. For Black Friday, the price dropped significantly, down to $4400. I considered it; Laura offered to get it for me as a combined 60th birthday / 20th anniversary / Christmas present. Okay, honey, thank you sooooooo much.
The process of getting it has been a pain. I still donât have it. I ordered the camera a week and a half ago from B&H on Black Friday. They shipped it that day, via FedEx. It got from their warehouse in Florence, New Jersey, to FedEx Newark by Friday evening, then disappeared. It was supposed to be delivered on Monday, but it never showed up. Iâve been fighting with the two companies to get them to replace the stuff I ordered, and B&H finally said they would yesterday, but they still havenât shipped the replacement. Itâs been a real pain in the ass trying to get this camera in my hands. Hopefully it ships today and Iâll have it tomorrow.
I look forward to seeing how the camera handles when I finally get it, and how I integrate it into my photography. Iâve seen film photographers who work with digital seamlesses with film, and Iâve seen others who get seduced by the ease and stop shooting film. I hope Iâll be the former.
Iâve dived into YouTube videos about digital photography in the past week and a half. Iâve been out of the loop on digital photography for a long time. Itâs interesting how much work people put into it to make their photographs look like they were shot on film. The Fujifilm cameras lean into this with film simulations, and there are videos out there showing, for example, just how close their simulation of Fuji Acros film comes to the results actually shot on Acros with a film camera. I donât know, there are an awful lot of black and white film stocks that arenât Acros that I love to shoot, and Iâm not sure that imitating them digitally is where I want to go. But for color work, itâll be interesting. There are some things that are hard to do reliably with film that I want to try with the GFX 100s. Iâm also considering ways to dirty the output of the GFX up using things like pinhole lenses. It would be fun to see if I can set the ISO high enough to make handheld pinhole snapshots with the camera.
It feels a little weird to be getting a digital camera. So much of my identity as a photographer for the past 20 years or so has been that of someone who was completely devoted to film. But I could use a new challenge. This is an experiment for me, just to see if I control the camera or it controls me. Itâll be interesting to see the results. If it doesnât work, I could sell the camera and get that Deardorff 8x10 camera Iâve had my eye on....
If you know the details of how Polaroid's long lost Chocolate peel apart film worked, you know that it was a combination of a color negative with black and white chemistry. My understanding is that the original use of the process was by people using 8x10 peel apart film manually combining the required pieces. I shoot 8x10 Polaroid, but the process now is derivative of the integral process, like the iconic SX-70 pictures. I figured I should see if I could recreate that film with the integral process instead of peel apart.
I failed.
For my first attempt, I should have read up on things, because I misremembered and tried using a black and white negative with color chemistry. That didn't work at all. I got a blank white frame (mostly; some of the chemistry didn't spread, so there's a brown blob in the upper right corner). Oops.
But that left me with the required materials to do the experiment correctly, with a color negative and black and white chemistry.
This also failed.
I got a picture, kind of, and as the print has aged over the past several hours, the colors that were present have migrated to a more brown look, but most of the photograph didn't develop at all. If you look closely you can kind of almost imagine what's there, but no, it's not a success.
So, for science, and to save anyone else from the trouble and expense, the new integral-based 8x10 Polaroid does not have the ability to create the classic look of Chocolate film.
It only cost me two sheets of 8x10 to find out.
In my office, I have an old Macintosh SE/30, the first Mac I owned myself (I used my dad’s 128 when he brought it home, which we upgraded to at Fat Mac and eventually to a Mac Plus). On the hard drive is an HTML file with a “last modified” date of June 3, 1993. That’s 30 years ago today.
I’ve been a web developer for 30 years.
When I started, there were about 70 web sites in the world. I think there were more gopherspaces than web sites at that point. I had a Sun workstation on my desk at work at the time, so when the NCSA at the University of Illinois released XMosaic at the end of April, I downloaded it and was able to browse the web the way we think of it today. More importantly, I was able to use the “View Source” menu item and look at how these pages were produced. What I found was quite similar to what I worked with every day, which was troff macros for formatting books. The troff tag .P
was an exact match for the HTML P
tag, for example. I’m sure I starting writing my own stuff up pretty quickly, but today is the anniversary of the earliest day I have absolute proof for. So today I mark 30 years as a web developer. I’m sure I had come across the web before that; Ed Krol came out with a book in September, 1992, called “The Whole Internet User’s Guide and Catalog”, and I got a copy of it very early on from a bookstore in Philadelphia. Internet books did not show up in your local Barnes & Noble at the time. That book had a chapter in it about the web, and I know I spent some time using the old line mode client before XMosaic came out, but it was XMosaic that really crystallized everything. When I was a broadcasting major in college, one of my teachers, who was an executive at the university-owned TV station where I was working, told us that they expected an upcoming convergence of broadcasting, computers, and publishing. At the time, in the mid 1980s, they thought it was going to be Teletext, which was transmitted in the vertical blanking interval of TV signals. When I saw XMosaic, I recognized it as the thing that was actually going to usher in that convergence.
I remember showing my boss the web, saying that this was the future. He nodded and forgot about it. In October, when NCSA released Mosaic for Mac and Windows, another one of my co-workers showed it to him and he asked if I’d heard of it. I told him I had demoed it for him back in May. I was working as a technical writer at the time, and we started discussing the possibility of licensing Mosaic to include with the programs we were documenting as an online help system. The thing that made us decide not to was that web browsers didn’t support tables at that point, something that anyone who worked as a web developer in the late 1990s might find astonishing, as tables were the hackish way we did layouts starting in the mid-1990s (before that there was really no way at all of controlling page layout other than using header tags for typography).
Within a few months, I had transitioned from being a tech writer to making web sites full time.
In 1996, the company I worked for, AT&T, split in two, and I wound up going with the part of the company that made hardware, Lucent Technologies. I was part of a three person team that worked on the Bell Labs web site. A lot of the work was repetitive, so I tried to automate the most repetitive parts. I created a little content management system that would help me turn around press releases very quickly. It was only a local thing on my own computer rather than something I built on the server. I used a piece of middleware called Tango and ran WebSTAR as the server on my local Mac. Tango talked to FileMaker Pro and generated the pages in the format I needed, which I would then upload to the Bell Labs site. I could post a press release much more quickly than the team that ran the main corporate site. But I would up getting laid off when Lucent ran into problems when the first Internet bubble burst. I went off to work for a startup for a year, which was a long story and not a positive thing, and wound up back at Lucent a year later as a contractor, working on both the Bell Labs site, which still had most of my code but with a new look and feel, and on the main corporate site. I did that for a few more years until Lucent was swallowed by Alcatel and my services were no longer required. That was in 2008. I saw that layoff coming, and had put some money away so I could take my time and figure out what I wanted to do.
What I wanted to do was work for an agency. I had seen so many instances where agencies were assigned all the interesting projects, and the in-house developers were left with the less interesting things. I wanted to work on the interesting things. Thanks to the efforts of a headhunter I worked with, I got a job at a small agency in NYC. I’ve been in agencyland ever since, a couple of months at the first place, then 2 years at a much larger agency that was part of a traditional advertising firm, then 13 years at one of the original digital agencies that spun up in the mid 1990s when the Internet caught fire, and now with a startup agency with some of my friends who also left that digital agency recently. One of the best things about moving to an agency was that I now worked for people who knew what I did. My direct supervisors actually did the same thing I did. That was not the case when I worked in industry, and it was the cause of much frustration and ultimately of layoffs because the people I worked for didn’t know what I did.
When I discovered the web in the early 1990s, the head of the group we were part of was a brilliant computer scientist named Jim Kutsch. He was blind. He had invented a talking terminal in the 1970s for his PhD thesis that connected a speech synthesizer to a VT-100 terminal (note that this is years before the first software commonly recognized as a screen reader). He was still using it when I worked for him in the early 1990s. From the very beginning of my career, I recognized accessiblity as a potential boon and potential problem for the web. At the time, really the only thing you could do to make a site inaccessible was to not include text in the alt attribute of images. Every accessibility professional I know is groaning as they read that, because 30 years on, that’s still the most common accessibility issue. I have talked peoples’ ears off about accessibilty for my entire career. For the first 20-25 years, they nodded their heads and then went on with their business. In the last 5-10 years, things have changed. That digital agency I spent 13 years working for got sued and that drove accessibility to the top of their agenda. Still, it’s not easy, but in the past couple of years, I see signs that accessibility is really going mainstream. Libraries and frameworks like React did not originally concern themselves with accessibility. But looking at component libraries for a new project at my new job in recent weeks, I was surprised and gratified to see that a hefty percentage of the libraries I used touted the work they had done to make their components accessible. That’s a sea change. We may finally be getting back to a point where it’s possible to make a site accessible by mistake or without intention as opposed to the standard approach for the past 30 years of making a site inaccessible by mistake or without intention. I say getting back to a point because the original specifications for HTML did not include the img
tag, and the web was pretty much inherently accessible until that tag was introduced.
Web development has changed dramatically over the years. When I left Lucent for the final time, I was sick and tired of working on sites that didn’t understand semantic markup, SEO, accessibility, etc. I had resisted working in NYC because of the lengthy commute, but at that point, it seemed like the only place I could find work with like-minded developers was in the city. Web development standards were changing, thanks to the efforts of things like the Web Standards Project that drove browser makers to end the browser wars, and the development of the HTML 5 standard, which is like a million pages long mainly because it describes exactly how every browser has to behave in the face of broken code, so that all browsers work the same. But the distribution of that knowledge and those practices was uneven, and hadn’t made it to the suburbs. So I went to the city to work. I would say about ten years ago, things really started to shift. Young developers may have never encountered a layout done entirely in tables at this point. There were a few years there where semantic markup and understanding what the point of new tags like article is was the hot thing. And then we moved on and that was forgotten in the excitement of confusing new approaches to web development and frameworks like Angular and React.
About five years ago I went to the staffing person at our agency and asked to be put on a project that used React, because it was clear I would need to learn it in order to stay relevant as a developer (I had been working with Angular and really didn’t want to keep going in that direction). One thing that’s been constant through the years is that as web development has changed, with every change there’s a changing of the guard to some extent. I often run into people who tell me they used to be developers. And it doesn’t surprise me. When CSS became a thing, some developers decided that the easiest course as the entire approach to developing sites changed was to move into a different part of the business. When Javascript started becoming much more important, again, some people hived off. At certain points, this coincided with a switch from the old webmaster era, where one person could understand everything they needed to know to create a web site, to what we have today where creating web sites is complex enough that it warrants having people for every specialty; SEO, user experience, visual design, project management, etc. All of these are fields that my friends who used to be developers wound up moving into instead.
Getting back to React. I’m not a huge fan. I describe React this way: Imagine that the web is a red rubber ball. Red rubber balls have a seam. If you take a sharp knife and cut half of that seam, then reach in with your fingers and flip the ball inside-out, that’s React. For a few years there, all the computer scientists flooding into web development talked about Model-View-Controller as the proper way to structure a web application. I agree. My favorite MVC framework for the web is... the web. You have this language that you use to model your data. It has limited semantics, but you can extend it to some extent (use proper HTML tags to describe the data and extend with classes and IDs). Then there’s a language that describes the view (CSS). And you have Javascript to be the controller. And most importantly, you don’t mix the three. It always amused me that people who insisted their Javascript apps follow MVC didn’t get the irony that they were violating MVC at the most basic level.
Of course, React isn’t even an MVC framework; its proponents say it’s at best the V part. But the move to putting everything in Javascript seems insane to me anyway. The web is a three legged stool. You have HTML as the first leg. If you get your HTML wrong, there’s a million page specification to ensure that the browser deals with it in the same way and you probably get what you intended anyway. It fails gracefully. CSS is the second leg. If you get your CSS wrong, browsers will ignore the part that’s wrong and just render everything else. It fails gracefully. Javascript is the third leg. If you get your Javascript wrong, the code fails completely and refuses to run. So which of these three legs are you going to commit your entire site to?
One of the bad effects of React is that a lot of good ideas about web site development went by the wayside. One in particular is progressive enhancement, the idea that you build a web site that works no matter what, then use more advanced technologies like Javascript and some of the more recent additions to CSS to make the experience better for users with browsers that support them. This approach ensured that search engines could index your site, and that errors in your Javascript wouldn’t prevent users from completing their tasks. React and other similar frameworks just kind of overwhelmed that.
That said, there seems to be something of a backlash brewing. On my current project at my new job, we decided to use a server side framework called Remix that takes code written in React and runs it on the server, then hydrates the pages so generated so they work like a single page app like a standard React approach. It’s similar to Next.JS in that sense. Remix does a lot of work behind the scenes to ensure that sites you build with it work even if the Javascript on the browser side fails, which is to say, progressive enhancement (they actually use that term on their site). I actually feel like I can use all the knowledge I’ve built over the past few years about how to build React sites to build sites that work the way they should instead of the way the industry has collectively hallucinated that we should for the past several years.
It has been an interesting 30 years. It’s been a wild roller coaster ride, with lots of ups and downs, periods of unemployment and periods of making a lot of money, periods where we get better at what we do and periods where we forget all the lessons we’ve learned over the years. It’s been a hell of a ride. I’m not going to be doing this for many more years; I was almost 30 when I started making web sites and I’m almost 60 now. But it’s been an awful lot of fun. Things are changing again. Things like ChatGPT and GitHub Cockpit are amazing. I have occasionally used ChatGPT to help write code on a couple of personal projects like the Instagram and Twitter archive sites I recently created. It is a mixed blessing. It rarely gets code right on the first try. Cockpit is somewhat better. It’s like a really smart autocomplete most of the time. And you can really work it out by writing your code as comments and see what it comes up with. Again, it’s not always right and it’s not perfect, but it’s impressive. And I think it makes me a faster coder. It’ll be interesting to see if people starting as developers today can post articles in 30 years about their experience as developers or if the machine learning bots get better enough to take over. I’m glad I won’t be doing this so much longer that this becomes an issue for me.
One of the most interesting aspects of web development has been the low barrier to entry. At the beginning, it didn’t require a computer science degree to create a web site. In a lot of ways, the professionalization of web development has been the counterattack of the computer scientists and the move to Javascript as the primary way to build a site professionally a way of installing a gatekeeping function. But it is still possible to create a web site the old fashioned way, with HTML and CSS and a server somewhere for a few dollars per month. Browsers still understand those. And if View Source is less useful than it was 30 years ago because of obfuscation and minimization, at least there are web sites out there that explain how to build a web site. The best thing about this industry has been people’s willingness to share what they know. I hope that never changes.
I started using Twitter at SXSW in March, 2007, because all my friends there were using it to coordinate what they were doing that week. After the week was over, I found it was a great way to keep in touch with the people I met there. I was no stranger to online social media; I started using Usenet 20 years earlier, in 1987, when I started working at AT&T and got access to the nascent net. I met my wife on Usenet in 1990. So while I initially resisted Twitter, SXSW turned me around on it, and I quickly became an avid participant.
And I continued to be an avid participant for most of the next 16 years.
By the end, I was getting a little tired of it. I had accumulated a list of people I was following that was slightly too large for me to keep up with, and it started to feel like the tail was starting to wag the dog. So when Racist Spice bought the company, it was like he did me a favor in giving me the opportunity to burn it to the ground and start over somewhere else.
I could characterize the people I followed on Twitter into a few categories. There were my initial follows, the people I met at web conferences like SXSW over the years; that overlapped to a large extent with people I knew in previous years from the early days of blogging, so I kind of treat them together. Then there were the journalists and political posters I started to follow at some point. Some of them were prolific posters, and a few posted so often that I eventually had to unfollow them just to keep from feeling overwhelmed. More recently, two other communities that I started to follow were film photographers and experts on Ukraine. It was a great way to keep up with what was going on in the world.
A few years ago, I set up an account on Mastodon. I participated sporadically. When Twitter was set on fire, I moved the effort I had been putting into Twitter over there. Of the four communities I mentioned, the photographers made the most effort to move to Mastodon, so the majority of the people I follow there are photographers. A few of my OG follows from blogging and conferences and web stuff have moved, but really not that many. Journalists and politicos have largely stayed on Twitter, although there are a few who have jumped into Mastodon with both feet. And Ukraine? With one exception, a guy in Canada who posts a lot of translated stuff from the Ukrainian armed forces, none of them moved. I miss the people who haven't moved. I tried to read Twitter sporadically after I stopped posting there, particularly through lists made up of the communities I mentioned, but when Twitter turned off API access for third party clients like Tweetbot and Twitterific, I stopped. Having to read Twitter through their own site is a freaking nightmare. I don't know how anyone puts up with their terrible interface.
When I stopped posting to Twitter, I downloaded the archive of my posts that they offered. Much like Instagram, they have a lot of information about you, but don't share the stuff that other people have created in response. So the archive lacks most of the context. They do include the number of retweets and likes each post got, which Instagram doesn't include, but nothing about who did them. There is a bit of context in that quote tweets are identifiable by the fact that they end with a link to the original tweet, and that reply tweets include a link to the tweet they're replying to. So that's something, and it's better than Instagram's petulant insistance that they own the community aspects of your presence. One other thing that's nice is that for shortened URLs, they include the original URL in the data, so you don't have to contact Twitter's services to decode them.
Prominent members of the web dev community that I've folllowed over the years have always made the point that you should post your content on your own sites. In that spirit, and in the understanding that Twitter may not continue to exist in its current form forever and all that effort would be lost, you can see all my posts there at https://tweets.thereisnocat.com/.
Instagram offers users the ability to download a ZIP file that contains a lot of information about your account. It has all your posts. It has all the comments you’ve made. It has a record of every post you’ve liked. It has a record of every thing you’ve bought, every ad you clicked on, what they’ve figured out about you because of your behavior on the app. It’s interesting and a little disturbing.
I started on Instagram the first hour they were open to the public. My friend Dan Rubin had been a beta tester and was linking to his posts there during the beta period in his tweets, so I knew it was coming and was looking forward to joining. I got in really early; my member number is 2529. For a long time, it was fun, but over time, it became less so, to the point where I just didn’t enjoy posting there any more. So I stopped. I work in advertising, and I’m all too aware of how we track people online and sell what we learn to advertisers. I believe this practice, surveillance capitalism, is a danger to democracy and our way of life, and I just don’t want to participate in it any more. I miss the friends I made there who haven’t moved on the way I have, but life is short and participating in things I don’t enjoy any more is a non-starter. So fuck Instagram. I post my photos on sites where I pay for the hosting, which means that I’m the customer, so the people running the service have the incentive to make me, their customer happy, instead of a the way a “free” service like Instagram has the incentive to make their customers, the advertisers, happy.
So anyway, Instagram has all this information, and they’ve been shamed into letting you have a copy of it, because after all, you created it. They don’t have to provide it in a format that’s easy for you to understand, mind you. If you open up the files in the archive, you’ll find a lot of brackets and quotation marks and stuff that wouldn’t make sense to a civilian.
Fortunately, I’m a web developer. The brackets and quotation marks and stuff is a format called JSON (JavaScript Object Notation), and it’s designed to be easy to read by a web app. So I wrote a web app.
Here’s some things I figured out about the data they provide (and maybe a few other things).
It’s interesting. It’s like “We heard you, you want a copy of everything you’ve created on our site, and we’re going to give it to you good and hard”....
So if you want to create an archive of your Instagram posts, you have to understand that it’s not going to be a complete copy of what’s on Instagram itself.
In many ways, the chase for likes on Instagram is part of what makes it such a sick place to be, so I don’t miss them. I’m probably wouldn’t include them in my archive even if they were available. The missing context for comments is a little harder to accept, but it is what it is. The cudgel that Instagram uses to keep people coming is the community; if they give that community away, they lose their hold on you, you drift away, and now they can’t sell your eyeballs.
The archive that I created is at gram.thereisnocat.com. It has all of my pictures, with none of the comments or likes. I created it as a way to evaluate different web frameworks we were looking at for an upcoming project at my new job. So I basically wrote the thing three times, and the one I liked best is the one I published. I’ll write another post focused on that experience.
I used to go to record stores. I used to go to record stores a lot. We had some really great record stores thirty-five years ago. Here on the Jersey shore, we had Jackâs in Red Bank, where a friend slipped me a promo cassette of a compilation by New Zealandâs great Tall Dwarfs, sending me on a journey of discovery (I was already into bands on Flying Nun but somehow hadnât discovered Tall Dwarfs yet); they also had cassettes on the Xpressway label from New Zealand that were incredibly rare. We had Vintage Vinyl in Fords and in their brief foray in Eatontown. In Hoboken, Pier Platters was amazing for anyone into bands like the dBâs, the Bongos, the Individuals, or any of a dozen other Hoboken bands. Princeton Record Exchange in Princeton was another great store. In State College, where I spent my college years, we had Arboria, a great source for cheap used records and European pressings of hard-to-find bands like the Soft Boys, and City Lights, where I found the first single by Yo La Tengo before anyone ever heard of them. In the city, Tower, of course, and right around the corner, Other Music. I couldnât walk into either of those places and get out for less than a hundred bucks. Other Music in particular was unbelievable for the obscure stuff you could get there and couldnât get anywhere else. Jackâs and PRX still exist, but the others are all gone. And even if they werenât, I probably wouldnât go there any more. Because record stores donât have what I want any more.
The Internet ruined record stores, like it ruined book stores and so many other things in life. Things that you had to dig through cartons to find or write away to the other side of the world for were now just a search box away. It took a lot of the joy out of going to record stores. But the other thing was that places like Amazon took the profit out of record stores. Record Store Day was the final dagger. In an attempt to reclaim some of the custom that had fled to Amazon, RSD refocused record stores from bringing in young customers to bringing in older customers to repurchase music they had been listening to for decades, in different or expanded formats. It kept a number of record stores alive while destroying the thing that made me want to go there, the ability to find something I hadnât heard before. By turning to things we had all heard before, they gave up their soul in exchange for continued life. RSD is all about reissues and live recordings of âlegacyâ artists, not about new music. If you want to find new music, you have to go elsewhere. Iâm old, and by rights I should be listening to the same stuff I listened to when I was 18, but fuck that, if I learned one thing from listening to John Peel on the BBC World Service, it was that I want to hear something I never heard before, not the same shit over and over.
Of all the elsewheres to go, my favorite is Bandcamp. The great thing about Bandcamp is that they fill the gap left by records stores, but also the gap left by music magazines and fanzines, both of which were also destroyed by the Internet. Bandcamp Daily and other articles they post take advantage of the netâs ability to incorporate multimedia into pages, so instead of just telling you about a new band and their songs, they can let you hear them, something that zines were limited in doing (some zines included flexidiscs or companion CDs, but that was a limited number and far from standard). On Bandcamp, I can listen to the music before buying it, which is a nice addition to what I used to do with record stores when I would buy a record based on what the cover looked like.
The streaming services like Spotify and Apple Music have their places. I subscribed to Spotify for several years, then switched to Apple Music when Spotify started funding anti-vaxxers during the pandemic. I find them useful mainly for playing music I have on vinyl but havenât digitized yet, and for a game I play where I play a song I know and then look through the related artists to find something else to play next. Iâve found a few new artists that way, but nowhere near as many as I find on Bandcamp.
If I look at where I buy music nowadays, I would say itâs probably 85% on Bandcamp, 5% on Amazon, 5% at record stores, and 5% from Apple Music/iTunes Music Store. I miss record stores, but the record stores I miss are never coming back.
Instagram is the reason we need to compare social networks for sharing photos, because Instagram used to be about sharing photos, and now itâs not. Instagram does not care about you. You are the product. You are a pair of eyes to be monopolized and a wallet to be vacuumed clean. Instagramâs customers are advertisers, and you are the product. Instagram sucks so badly that Iâve completely stopped posting there. The only reason I keep my account open is that one or two of my local breweries announce their new beers there. Yeah, thatâs great for photography and photographers. When I first started on Instagram, I treated it like visual Twitter, posting photos that showed what I was doing. After a few years, I started to see it as a serious forum for my serious photography, which I had always relegated to Flickr. Now itâs back to being visual Twitter. Fuck Instagram, fuck Facebook, fuck Meta, and fuck Mark Zuckerberg.
Flickr is a ghost town. And thatâs a shame, because there are a lot of old classic buildings there that could be repurposed. Joining Flickr today is like moving to Detroit. You can buy a house for a thousand bucks. If youâre into being an urban pioneer, Flickr is the place to be. I love Flickr. It has everything. It has a reasonable mobile experience. It has groups that tie together discussions and photos. It has a wealth of information; even people who donât post there any more rave about how they can find information about any camera or film they come across there. I donât understand why photographers have abandoned Flickr. Twice a year, a bunch of photographers go back to their old neighborhood and post Polaroids for Polaroid Week, and then fuck back off to Instagram where they can be influencers. I wish they would stick around, and I spent a lot of time suggesting that, but they all go back to Instagram and then disappear, only to return for the next Polaroid Week. Itâs a shame. Flickr has everything a photographer needs. Flickr has so much potential, but itâs not cool, so photographers stay away. They donât know what theyâre missing. Flickr could have a great future if only photographers would open their eyes and see it.
Glass is a lifestyle business in the best sense. A small team of three people, one designer, one programmer, and one marketer, have build this perfect little jewel, this absolutely beautiful experience, that is all about photography. I heard about Glass a year before they opened, and stopped posting to Instagram waiting for them to open. The user experience is simple; photographs are front and center, and nothing else matters. You see the photos by the people you follow, in chronological order. No clever attempts to move things around and rearrange them in an attempt to show you things they think youâll be interested in, or if they were Instagram, that their real customers the advertisers think you should be interested in. Glass respects you. Glass loves you. And I love them. There is a limited taxonomy of categories you can tag your photos with, and those categories are a primary method of discovery where you can see photos that match the type of photography youâre interested in. If I had to drop all but one of my outlets for photography, Glass would be the one I keep, because the team is small, they pay close attention to what their users need, they listen to feedback, and they act on it. I know that if I tell their designer, Tom, for example, that multiple photograph posts would be a worthwhile addition to the interface because it helps photographers tell stories, heâs going to take that seriously, and it winds up on their roadmap. Who the fuck do you talk to at Instagram to give feedback like that? The only problem with a lifestyle business like Glass is that because there are three people there, it can be a while before stuff on the roadmap is addressed. Like, I can understand why they would feel that Stefan and Tom need to focus on getting an Android app out before they work on multiple photograph posts. Still, the team is thoughful and takes feedback. Being on Glass is a joy.
If Glass is a lifestyle business for three, Grainery is a lifestyle business for one. Kyle is the guy behind Grainery, a social network focused strictly on photographers who use film. If you use digital cameras, there are plenty of other places for you to play, but not Grainery. Thatâs an interesting filter, and one I donât disagree with. Shooting on film is often a useful proxy for how serious a photographer is. There are great artists who shoot with digital cameras, sure, but film is a different thing and few people who use film these days arenât serious photographers. Everyone fucking around with photography can create a photograph with their phone these days, but it takes some effort to do so with film, so you have to be committed to do so.
To me, Grainery is the network thatâs closest to Instagram. Itâs a dopamine factory in the same way Instagram is. Itâs a very active community, but there arenât discussion groups, and the use of hashtags doesnât seem widespread. At the beginning, it was small enough that I felt I could see every photo posted by everyone, which was a cool sensation. Thatâs not true any more, but it can still be fun to trawl the newest photos, which seems to me to be a primary method of discovery. There are a lot of talented photographers on Grainery. But it feels kind of mercenary in some ways. like itâs easy to game. The only thing that really distinguishes it from Instagram is that thereâs no algorithm underlying it, and you can pay for unlimited posts (without paying, youâre limited to a certain number of posts). The fact that you pay, and that thereâs no advertising, means that youâre the customer here and Kyle is more interested in what you want than in what someone else wants to put in front of you, but as a one man show, heâs not coming up with many new ideas at this point. Itâs still early, and he could convince me otherwise (the few ideas heâs had for things like film giveaways and such have failed to materialize as heâs had to prioritize dealing with the quick growth of demand), but really, itâs kind of Instagram without ads. Which is not a bad thing, but it may not be enough in the long run. Juryâs still out here and itâs early days. I hope it develops in some more interesting directions.
Twitter is not a photography site, but has a thriving photography community. Given that Twitter is not a photography site, itâs interesting that itâs the only site here that enables multiple images in a single post, something that can be really useful when telling a story. The use of thread is also a useful tool not available anywhere else for telling stories. Other photography-based social networks could learn a lot from these two things.
But beyond this, Twitterâs tools for photographers are primitive at best. The mechanism for creating community is hashtags. Someone has an idea for a hashtag like #BelieveInFilm, and that can become a community. Thereâs no way of creating persistent groups other than human ingenuity in repurposing hashtags for that purpose. Thereâs no way to create conversations that are easily referenced in the future. Thereâs no way to associate metadata with either the conversations that do exist or with the photographs. In a lot of ways, itâs amazing that such a supportive community exists for photographers on Twitter, because Twitter really does fuck all to create communities. All they do is create a firehose of information, and itâs up to you to decide how much you can sip from it. Twitterâs primary characteristic is its ephemerality. Tweets stick around, but good luck finding them. There are always new tweets to replace them in the limited space you have in your brain. Twitter is kind of the anti-Flickr in that sense.
Twitterâs future as a photography site is up in the air at the moment. The recent change in ownership has left a lot of questions.
Mastodon is basically Twitter without Melon Husk in charge. Same primitive tools that are repurposed by enterprising humans to compensate for things that arenât built into the experience. One small advantage Mastodon has is that its distributed nature means that it would be possible to set up instances for different communities. So for example, there is a Mastodon instance for artists, and the local timeline on that instance is filled with artists posting about art. And thereâs one for photographers, and the local timeline on that instance is filled with photographers posting about photography. In theory, it would be possible to create communities based on Twitter hashtags like #BelieveInFilm with their own dedicated instance (and I see some interest in doing that), which is something that would provide an additional layer of community and discovery that Twitter lacks so badly. At this stage this is more possibility than reality, but itâs promising. But it is still way more primitive than what Flickr or even Glass offers. It lacks the granularity that a Flickr can offer with its many groups addressing individual subjects; if you have to set up a new instance for every topic, that doesnât really scale. And the distributed nature of Mastodon introduces other issues. The week when Iâm writing this, a ton of people reacting to Melon Huskâs takeover of Twitter have fled to Mastodon as a potential backup, and the result has been Mastodon having its Fail Whale moment. The instance Iâm on, for example, one that Iâve been on for five years and participated in in fits and starts, is suffering badly, with notifications of likes of toots coming in 12 hours after they were made, and the home timeline also 12-18 hours behind. I gather this is not an uncommon issue this week, as an "Introduction to Mastodon" post I saw linked on Twitter today had to mention that this was happening on many instances and patience was needed. Mastodon seems to me to be a project that could provide the technical underpinnings of a photography-based community, but that doesnât provide tools any more compelling than Twitter in its native state.
Really, when it comes down to it, if you want a way to share your photography that you control, that you can present in a way thatâs true to your intentions, you simply canât beat your own site. Every site thatâs run by others will break your heart at some point. You need to own your own content. There are a ton of options for this, from sites like Squarespace that have templates you can use to set things up, to raw metal hosts that you can set up to match your needs precisely. As a professional web developer, for myself, I lean toward raw metal, but most photographers donât have that kind of experience. Whatever you wind up creating, do it in a way that you own it, you can change it, and it belongs to you. Thatâs the only way to ensure that people see things the way you intend them to.
The downside of running your own site is that it costs money, and that you may be pissing into the wind. To gain any traction, you need to promote it, and now youâre leaning into a world that in a lot of ways doesnât care. If youâre not a salesperson, doing this can really suck. But if youâre doing this for love and not money, this is really the way to go.
Adam James created a thing on Twitter called the Shitty Camera Challenge, devoted to the idea that you could make interesting photographs with low end cameras. Having long been a toy camera user, this is something I could get into. He periodically declares that certain times on the calendar are this challenge or that challenge. August and September marked the Instant Regret event, devoted to the idea that any camera is a shitty camera if you load it with instant film. We spent two months proving that.
Iâm pretty sure I posted something every day. I definitely tried to. Something in my brain wanted to treat this like Hands on the Hardbody, where you posted every day and people dropped out until there was only one person left and that person won. Thereâs no winners, but whatever. It was an exercise in arbitrary regulations, and it spurred me to participate. Instant photography is kind of my Rosetta Stone in any case, the thing that really speaks to me. My dad got a Polaroid 250 in 1966 when I was 3, and thatâs pretty much the camera my whole childhood was documented on. I got a Polaroid Pronto for some holiday (Christmas, probably, because my brother got one too) when I was in my early teens. I started photographing in large format, specifically 4x5, because I backed the original New55 Kickstarter. I bought an Intrepid 8x10 because I found a cheap Polaroid 8x10 processor when the ICP was selling stuff from their old darkrooms in midtown before they moved to the Lower East Side. Instant photography is the thing.
So a lot of self-imposed pressure made some interesting photos. I started with dry transfers. This is a dying art form, because it requires Polaroid Type 669 film, a color peel apart film that Polaroid stopped making in 2008. Thereâs not much of it left, and much of whatâs left is deteriorated. But I still have several packs that have been in the refrigerator all this time. Basically, you take a shot, pull the film, peel it apart 10 seconds or so into the process, and press the negative up against another paper, typically watercolor paper. You use a brayer to roll the negative onto the paper so there are no gaps. And after a couple of minutes, you peel. So I gave that a try. I figured nobody else would be posting these (I was right on that).
This is one of a number of examples I posted. I tried seven, and I think three or four were good enough to post. This was the first and best.
My next notable set was a series of diptychs I shot with my Hello Kitty Instax Mini camera on Hello Kitty Instax Mini film at a decommissioned steel mill in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
I had bought the camera and film on a whim because it seemed so utterly ridiculous, but wasnât sure what to do with it. Hello Kitty is infinitely malleable, however, and fits into every situation. Itâs not hard to find her in every setup from wearing a kilt and playing bagpipes to dressed in checks wearing Vans in a mosh pit. So shooting at the steel mill seemed perfect.
After doing this, I had another set that I really liked. Polaroid has film with a circular frame. I never understood why or what I could do with it. I hated it. But I figured I should make an attempt to figure out what I could do with it. So I bought a bunch and I thought. What I came up with was this: the entire point of the film is the shape of the frame. So photographs of shapes would potentially work really well, playing off the circle.
I could tell you what I used to create the shots, but it would kind of spoil the effect. I have long loved abstract photography. In the Polaroid realm, I really love specfically the work Grant Hamilton did with shapes back when Polaroid Time Zero film was still a thing. But my photography was always really representational. I could never make abstract stuff that worked.
Until now.
I really feel like this in was a breakthrough for me. The Hello Kitty stuff was the first time I really pushed to figure out what a particular type of film would be good for, and the shapes work extended that, same thing but in a way different direction. I couldnât be happier with how these turned out, and I see this as a vein I can mine for a long time to come.
The last major change in what I do kind of brings things back to where I started with this event. What dry transfers are to peel apart film, emulsion lifts are to integral (SX-70-type) film. I had never done emulsion lifts. But there were a few very talented photographers posting emulsion lifts over these two months, and it finally piqued my interest enough to give it a try. My first attempts failed, either partially or completely. Color film is harder to do this with than black and white. When I switched to black and white, I found success.
I was really happy with how these turned out.
Iâve participated in other âeventsâ, like the other Shitty Camera Challenges on Twitter and Polaroid Week on Flickr. The only other time Iâve ever felt like I really accomplished something and made a change in my work was my Ukraine set for last Aprilâs Polaroid Week. Between that and this, I feel like itâs been a really good year for my photography, and I feel very good about the work. Iâm grateful to Adam for creating the event, but moreso for creating the space for a community of creating photographers to spur each other on.
You can see almost all the photographs I created for the Instant Regret event in my Flickr album; there are a few things I did, like a couple of trichromes made with a thermal receipt printer, or a set of failed prints on 20 year old Polaroid mio film (rebranded Instax Mini from around 2002, when Polaroid was the only company selling Instax cameras in the US), that donât appear on Flickr. Youâll have to page through my Twitter account to find those.
Last week, I read this article positing that the age of social media was ending, being replaced by recommendation media.
It didnât sit well with me, and I finally figured out why.
Before the Internet, broadcasting and publishing were ârecommendation mediaâ. They had gatekeepers. You couldnât get past them. You didnât have access to the audience. They were mass media, designed for one-way communication, from the few to the many. The Internet changed that, in ways that caused the powerful concern.
The move of a company like Meta from social media to algorithm-driven recommendation media is just another way of the powerful to reinstate gatekeepers. The places we used to create our own stuff have gotten so big that theyâve become the new mass media. And now that they are, theyâre reinstating the control that mass media had in the past. Creators posting to Instagram have incentives to follow the dictates of whatever whim Adam Mosseri and Mark Zuckerberg decided is hot or else lose their audiences (cough, Reels, cough). Anyone else remember Facebookâs pivot to video a few years ago? I know there were a lot of publishers fucked over by that.
Before the Internet, there were alternatives to mass recommendation media. Zines were a way you could create. Public access television was another outlet where someone with an idea could make something. Pirate radio was yet another way to bypass the gatekeepers. Tools then were primitive. Theyâre much more capable today. With an iPhone and a Mac, you can make a movie in a way most could 50 years ago. With a post to Facebook in its social media days, you could start a movement that changes how Congressional districts are drawn in your state.
This is not how things worked in the past. A lot of people want to go back to the past, or at least to what they imagine the past to be (see the Republican party). Social media must be crushed because itâs a threat to the powerful. As Facebook/Meta becomes the powerful and becomes the new mass media, they join this backward tide.
A lot of my friends are casting around for alternatives to Instagram now that the gatekeepers are reasserting their power in the new mass media. Glass is opening up very soon to users outside the iOS bubble. Grainery.app is generating excitement in the film photography community. Even some forgotten media are joining in. Iâve had an account at Vero since 2018, and the last post I made there was in…2018. At least until my photographer friends identified it as an alternative to Instagram.
Zines are easier than ever to make. Companies like Mixam print a small number for a reasonable price, and you can set up on Etsy or Squarespace or Big Cartel or just post about it to Twitter. At least while Twitter is still committed to social media (not sure thatâs true even today, to be honest, but theyâre better than Facebook).
The Internet has made it possible for us to be the media. I basically stopped watching television 20 years ago because it was more fun to make stuff than consume stuff, and the net made it easy.
The mass media has taken hits from the increased access to audiences by mere mortals, and theyâre fighting back by co-opting the tools we had to get that access. We need to fight that. Facebook may be comfortable as recommendation media, just like television is, but itâs not good for us, and itâs not nearly as satisfying as making your own stuff and sharing it with your peers. The recommendation media will say that social media is dead, that we have to go back to a mass media paradigm. But thatâs never been true, and new social media sites, and existing things that have fallen out of favor, like blogs, provide us with the tools we need to fight.
For Polaroid Week last month, I did something different. My photos had a theme, and it was Ukraine. I wrote long captions tying the photos I posted to something about Ukraine and closed with a link, usually to a charity that helps Ukraine at this time.
In the spirit of owning your own content, I figured I should post it all here as well.
When I look at my ancestry, Iâm a lot of things, but of the things I am, the thing I am the most is Ukrainian. My grandmother was born there. My grandfatherâs father was ethnically Ukrainian from an area thatâs now Poland. We were very close to that side of the family when I was growing up.
My photography has felt trivial lately. I have been obsessed with the war. So when it came time for Polaroid Week, I wanted to do something different. First I tried shooting things that were blue and yellow (the colors of Ukraineâs flag). Some cookies I bought. The tryzub sticker on my car. Old boxes of Polaroid film (the Paul Giambarba boxes of 669 had a yellow-ish wrapper). Those photos didnât work.
Then I remembered that Polaroid had yellow film. And blue film.
If you go to the Polaroid site, theyâre out of the Yellow 600 film. But it was made recently enough that places like B&H still had some. So I got some. The integral Blue 600 film hasnât been made in a few years. But in my stash, I still had one pack of Polaroid 100 Blue pack film.
This is what I did with one underexposed shot from that pack of Blue that I shot with my Polaroid 195 Land Camera. I shot a pure white background with my SLR 680 and paired it with the nearly solid shot of Blue, and you get a Ukrainian flag from that.
The Zbruch River formed the boundary between the Russian Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire up to the end of World War I. The river changed course slightly at one point, and in the place where the river had departed, in 1848 they found a statue that is now known as the Zbruch Idol. This happened just outside of Личківці (Lychkivtsi), a small village in Ternopil oblast that just happens to be where my grandmother was born. Last year, I bought this wooden carving that replicates the idol, the original of which is at a museum in Rzeszow, Poland.
The most commonly held theory is that the idol represents Sviatovid, a pre-Christian pagan Slavic god of abundance and war. Ukraine has an abundance of good land and wheat, and now they have war, so it seemed appropriate to show this picture of him.
I had run out of Polaroid Blue by the time I took this (actually, I had one shot left, but it came out waaaay underexposed), so the top here is shot with One Instant Color film, which has a blue cast.
Ukraine needs help. Razom for Ukraine is a reputable charity that started when Ukrainian-Americans wanted to help Ukraine during the 2014 Revolution of Dignity. They send humanitarian aid to Ukraine, including medicine, hospital supplies, and communications equipment. Support Razom for Ukraine.
Ukraine needs missiles.
Russia is using missiles on Ukrainian cities. Last weekend, Odesa was hit with a missile attack that killed a 3 month old baby. Russia is trying to erase Ukraine from the world, and it is using missiles to do it. Russian missiles being used last weekend, which was Orthodox Easter, had the words âChrist is Risen âwritten on them. Ukraine needs to fight back. They need missile defense systems. They also need missiles to attack the Orcs invading their country. It was a Ukrainian missile that took down the Moskva.
This is a Nike missile at Sandy Hook National Recreation Area. Sandy Hook and the surrounding area in Monmouth County, New Jersey, was home to many of these missiles. They are obsolete and have all been decommissioned.
With the shift from the north to the east, the geography of the battle has changed. The tactics that worked brilliantly in the Battle of Kyiv wonât work in the Battle of Donbas. Ukraine needs heavy weaponry; tanks, armored personnel carriers, missile defense systems, and missiles. Ukraine is starting to get some of what they need, but they need more. You can contact your representatives and ask them to support increased military aid to Ukraine. Also, the National Bank of Ukraine has set up a special account that you can send money to to support the Ukrainian Armed Forces.
Russia has been at war with Ukraine for eight years. We just started paying attention two months ago.
Russia has been at war with the entire west for about that long as well. We still havenât noticed. Their weapons are non-conventional. Theyâre bots on Twitter and hackers who phish political operatives. Дональд Трамп was a guided missile aimed directly at the fissures in US society. Brexit was a guided missile aimed directly at the fissures in UK society. Their purpose was to destroy NATO and the EU, and theyâve made big strides in that direction. It will take us decades to repair the damage caused by those missiles.
Itâs time to return the favor.
I am a pacifist by and large, and a small d democrat. I donât like weapons. But when a totalitarian fascist dictatorship attacks you, you have to fight back. When said dictatorship announces that its aim is to erase an entire nationality from the map, thatâs genocide. There is no pacifist solution to genocide, no compromise position. âNever againâ we said after the Holocaust. And after Cambodia. And after Rwanda. And after Darfur, Sudan. And after the Rohingya in Myanmar. Right now, the battlefield is in Ukraine, but this is the Worldâs war. Ukraine needs heavy weaponry; tanks, armored personnel carriers, missile defense systems, and missiles. Ukraine is starting to get some of what they need, but they need more. You can contact your representatives and ask them to support increased military aid to Ukraine. Also, the National Bank of Ukraine has set up a special account that you can send money to to support the Ukrainian Armed Forces.
This cannon on Sandy Hook was once part of the defenses of Fort Hancock, the Coast Guard base at the northern tip of Sandy Hook. Fort Hancock was set up to defend New York Harbor. Like us, Ukraine has a coast to defend. Not with a weapon like this, though, the likes of which probably last saw Ukraine in the Crimean War.
This is the lighthouse on Sandy Hook. Lighthouses are erected to protect sailors.
Similarly, Come Back Alive is a charity focused on protecting members of the Ukrainian Armed Forces. They provide defensive equipment and training to members of the Ukrainian Armed Forces to ensure that they can survive the assault by Russia. They also support medical assistance and rehabilitation for those soldiers wounded in war. You can support Come Back Alive.
These are fishing boats, not warships. I couldnât get close enough to the warships docked at nearby Earle Naval Weapons Station. So these will have to stand in for the Missile Cruiser Moskva that attacked Zmiinyi (Snake) Island. The defenders of Snake Island responded appropriately when asked to surrender.
Ukraine famously followed up this suggestion with a cruise missile attack to ensure that the Russian Warship did indeed go fuck itself right to the bottom of the Black Sea.
You can buy a postage stamp commemorating the bravery of the guardians of Snake Island at the Ukrposhta philately site. Alternately, you can go to Volstampâs English language site and spend way more (like, waaaay more) but actually understand the purchasing process.
Ukraine is the breadbasket of the world. Their soil is rich and dark. They grow wheat and export it widely. I think I saw that they grow something like 20% of the wheat in the world. The country is filled with scenes not a million miles away from this. The war is making this difficult and may result in hunger and famine in countries very distant from Ukraine.
World Central Kitchen travels to crisis zones and feeds the hungry. Chef Jose Andres uses his fame to draw attention to the needs of the needy. You may have seen a recent video by WCKâs CEO Nate Mook about their kitchen in Kharkiv getting hit by a Russian missile. Thatâs how close to the front lines they get. You can support the work of World Central Kitchen.
A pack of Polaroid pack film contains 10 shots. I had one pack of Polaroid 100 Blue. Polaroid Week lasts six days, two shots a day, for a total of 12 shots per person. I had a hole of one day/two shots. But I found an unused box of New55 Color in my stash. New55 Color had this thing where it reproduces blues well, but thereâs a border around the edge of most shots thatâs yellow. Blue and yellow....
I shot these at Marineland in Florida with my Pacemaker Speed Graphic. Ukraine has a lengthy coastline on the Black Sea. Russia wants to control that coastline and make Ukraine a landlocked country, unable to export goods by sea without dealing with Russia. One of the ways they do that is with mines. There are mines floating freely in the Black Sea set loose by the Orcs. On land, retreating Orcs also set boobytraps on corpses of people they killed and on toys likely to be picked up by children. The Ukrainian Deminers Association cleans up these mines. You can support their efforts at that link.
Closing out Spring Polaroid week with a pair of matched M1900 6-inch guns from Battery Gunnison on Sandy Hook. Again, obsolete, but a reminder that Ukraine needs heavy weapons. Theyâre starting to get them, finally. At some point, a victorious Ukraine will be able to place their guns in a park as a monument too.
Timothy Snyder is a professor of history at Yale. He writes popular history books about the history of Eastern Europe. Iâve read several. Theyâre very good.
In 2017, he wrote a short book called On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century. He describes it as a pamphlet, kind of a throwback to the days of Thomas Paineâs Common Sense. In it he suggests ways for everyday people to fight back against tyranny, things like âDonât Obey in Advanceâ. Last week, he released an updated version of the book with 20 new lessons specifically about Ukraine. Itâs only available in audiobook format. In it, he attempts to place the war in Ukraine into historical perspective. He makes the case that Putinâs case is based on a baptism from a thousand years ago and that there was significant divergence in the futures of Rus (Ukraine) and Muscovy (Russia). He posits several types of politics: the politics of time (nostalgia), the politics of inevitability (this is bound to happen), the politics of eternity (this is how things always were and will always be), the politics of catastrophe, and the politics of possibility. Russia is at war with Ukraine, but really Russia is at war with democracy. This war will decide the outlines of the 21st century; will this century be dominated by autocrats or democrats? Thereâs also a convincing case made that the war is the fallout of the failure of empires, the failure of the nation state, and that the EU represents a new alternative to empire that Russia finds threatening. Itâs no coincidence that the 2014 invasion started right after the Revolution of Dignity where Ukrainians rose up to insist on their right to join the EU.
The 20 lessons about Ukraine take about nine hours to listen to. I found it really worthwhile. All proceeds from the sales of the book go to humanitarian aid for Ukraine. You can find more information about the audiobook, including several places to buy it.
Also, if you have access to the New York Times, Snyder has an article about a new word that came out of the war, a portmanteau of âRussianâ and âfascistâ that he goes into a very in-depth explanation of how it came to be. The word is rendered as âрашизмâ in Ukrainian. Iâve seen it used in English spelled ârashistâ, but Snyder makes the case that it should be transliterated âruscistâ. Itâs a fascinating look at how a new word comes into being with interplay between three different languages. Worth reading if you can get past the firewall.
One other suggestion, if youâre interested in the history of Ukraine, Serhii Plokhyâs book The Gates of Europe is worth reading. Itâs half the length of the standard histories by Orest Subtelny and Paul Robert Magocsi (and less than a quarter the price) but covers the same material, and itâs a good read. It will help you understand some of the things Snyder mentions, like the baptism a thousand years ago.
Thank you, everyone, for the kind comments on my series this week. If you liked what I did, after giving to whatever charities I linked to that you find appropriate, you might be interested in a zine I put out earlier this year. Itâs all Polaroid, and specifically all Polaroid 100 Chocolate, about life on the Jersey Shore when all the tourists have gone home. The zine grew out of my posts for the autumn Polaroid Week last year. You can find information about the zine in another post here.